[ad_1]
Report to Congress on
Eliminating the 2016 wildlife trafficking law and not disrupting it
PL 114-231, second. 201
The smuggling law for wildlife (end) (end) (PL 114-231; 16 USC ยง 7601-7644) (Law) directs the Minister of State, in consultation with the Minister of Interior and the Secretary of Commerce, to submit a report to the report that focuses on countries and countries of anxiety, as determined.
Wildlife trafficking is still a dangerous crime that threatens security, economic prosperity, the rule of law, long -term preservation efforts and human health. On February 9, 2017, EO 13773 called for a comprehensive and decisive approach to dismantling organized crime unions and identifying in particular the relationship between wildlife trafficking and across national criminal organizations.
The Labor Division of Wildlife Trafficking (Labor Squad), which participated in the presidency of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Interior, and the Public Prosecutor, gathered between 17 departments and federal agencies to implement the national strategy to combat wildlife trafficking (“National Strategy”). The USG approach consisting of three aspects of combating wildlife trafficking-enhancing law enforcement, reducing demand, and building international cooperation-deprives criminals from a major source of financing, which reduces the criminal threat represented by American citizens.
The work of the work team to combat wildlife trafficking makes a difference on Earth at home and all over the world. The efforts and activities of the work group are coordinated better via USG: efficiency is determined and used to repeat and resources used more strategic; International communication continues to expand; The improved intelligence has identified new fields of work and opportunities to participate in the United States. By working in partnership with the private sector, local communities and NGOs, the United States has led the road worldwide, and secured agreements and obligations from governments and stakeholders to take urgent measures at all levels. The most prominent efforts of the Labor Band in the separate strategic review is included, as required in a second. 301 (d) of the verb.
To improve accountability and report the implementation of the strategy, the Labor Squad has developed many indicators to monitor USG measures to address wildlife trafficking in countries focus. These indicators are designed to measure inputs, outputs, or the results of law access to law enforcement, cooperation efforts, policy reform, and procedures for limiting demand designed for each country. It also measures the dimensions of the extent of the realization or treatment of the crime of wildlife in every country. The American tasks in all 28 -year -old countries reported the index data in 2020. Almost each job mentioned support to support efforts to enforce the law of wildlife in the host country with training or other resources in 2020. Twenty -two of 28 jobs on data on arrests, prosecution and convictions of wildlife traders. The Labor Squad also obtained data on indicators for reducing demand for 14 of the 28 countries. In general, efforts to reduce the demand for the United States to demand illegal wildlife products have reached an estimated 226 million people in 17 concentration countries.
Focus countries[1]
A methodology for identifying countries of focus
The state has worked closely with other agencies in the Labor Squad to employ both qualitative and quantitative information to identify the concentrated countries and countries that are concerned, as specified in section 2 of the law, to report the end of 2017. Technical experts and scientists from the work team agencies created a process to analyze the information of wildlife trafficking and collected a set of relevant and available data. This analysis included the evaluation of data derived from public reports by USG agencies and international entities such as the International Trade Agreement in endangered species of wild animals and plants, the International Federation for Conservation of Nature, and the United Nations Drugs and Crime Office, as well as NGOs such as the Center for Advanced Defense Studies, Traffic, Environmental Investigation Agency. Information from the required national assessments has strengthened and increased our previous results.
The work group’s agencies, including that actress in American missions abroad, reviewed the initial analysis and provided additional information that was only locally available. These analyzes of the country helped distribute international data, including providing information on additional species such as cats, monkeys and marine species. The agencies also considered the path of the inhabitants of wildlife, the effects of trafficking, the government, and the private sector to prevent illegal trade, and the presence of legal or regulatory local markets that are threatened by wildlife trafficking.
The Labor Squad also assessed whether governments have recently taken steps to improve legislation, regulations,/or other trends so that the country increases its efforts to combat illegal trade in wildlife. After the 2019 report from the primary synthetic countries that were identified in the 2017 and 2018 reports included an additional report from the two countries. No concentration countries were added or removed in 2020 or 2021.
2021 Countries focus
The state agreed, in consultation with the interior and trade departments, and with the United States Agency for International Development, that all 28 countries and the judicial authorities listed as a concentration country in the report of the end of 2020 law must remain listed. Each country is still listed “a major source of wildlife trafficking products or its derivatives, a major transit point for wildlife trafficking products or its derivatives, or a major consumer of wildlife trafficking products”, and the appointment appears to have contributed to increasing interest in combating wildlife trafficking in some concentrated countries.
This determination depends on the analysis of legal standards in the law and does not reflect a positive or negative judgment for the listed countries or indicates that these countries are not working hard to combat wildlife trafficking. In fact, the United States has long -term partnerships with many of these countries in combating wildlife trafficking and recognizes the strong political will already in many of these countries to address this problem. The state and other workplaces agencies are looking for the continuation of near and constructive relations with these countries, as we work cooperatively to combat wildlife trafficking. New concentration countries have not been added.
In line with Article 301 of the Law, American missions in each country have placed a strategic plan based on the evaluation of the American mission of wildlife trafficking within this country. American agencies have used strategic plans to direct and coordinate USG methods and responses to the needs and gaps specified in the evaluation. The heads of the Labor Squad, along with the United States Agency for International Development, developed and distributed templates for both strategic assessments and plans. All work group agencies, whether in the Post or in Washington, have been invited to contribute to their development. The business squad reviewed the strategic evaluation and plans of completion and consistency, identifying contrast based on the site, resources in the American mission, and previous participation in this case.
American missions in all countries have completed their evaluation and strategic plans. These documents provide together a general overview of issues related to wildlife trafficking in that country, identifying the main areas of strategic intervention by USG, or either creating a new platform or supporting the current structures in the mission of directing the “USG” approach.
2021 List of the focus country (in alphabetical order)
Bangladesh
Brazil
Burma
Cambodia
Cameroon
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Gabon
Hong Kong Special Administrative District
India
Indonesia
Kenya
Loser
Madagascar
Malaysia
Mexico
Mozambique
Nigeria
The People’s Republic of China
Philipini
Republic of the Congo
South Africa
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Uganda
United Arab Emirates
Vietnam
Zimbabwe
Anxiety countries
2021 countries concern
To determine the countries that are concerned about 28 countries of the age of 28 countries in accordance with the directives of section 201 (B) of the law, in consultation with the departments of the Interior and Trade and with the United States Agency for International Development, the information available to the public was reviewed in addition to secret materials indicating that governments are actively working in trafficking in threatened or threatened species. In 2020, no disturbing countries were removed from the list, and Cambodia, Cameroon and Nigeria were added. There were no changes to this list in 2021. This designation does not indicate that all parts of the government or participated in wildlife trafficking, but there are serious concerns about the occurrence of high -level or regular government participation. Among other matters, the Labor Squad will ensure that USG agencies coordinate efforts between US federal agencies and non -federal partners to implement the strategic plans of the American mission that were developed in accordance with Article 301 of the law, with the aim of supporting these countries and their governments to reduce trade and demand for wildlife and wildlife illegally.
2021 List of attention (in alphabetical order)
Cambodia
Cameroon
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Loser
Madagascar
Nigeria
[1] Note that this list includes both countries and judicial authorities
For more information about the US government’s efforts to combat wildlife trafficking, please see:
