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Report to Congress on the countries of the major wildlife trafficking
Eliminating the Law of Wildlife Trafficking (END) for 2016
PL 114-231, Section 201
2020 report
The smuggling law for wildlife (end) (end) (PL 114-231; 16 USC ยง 7601-7644) (Law) directs the Minister of State, in consultation with the Minister of Interior and the Secretary of Commerce, to submit a report to the report that focuses on countries and countries of anxiety, as determined.
Wildlife trafficking is still a dangerous crime that threatens security, economic prosperity, the rule of law, long -term preservation efforts and human health. President Trump called, in the executive order 13773 (February 9, 2017), to follow a comprehensive and decisive approach to dismantling organized crime unions and identifying specifically a link between trade in wildlife and through national criminal organizations.
The Labor Division of Wildlife Trafficking (Labor Squad), which participated in the presidency of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Interior, and the Public Prosecutor, brought together 17 departments and federal agencies to implement the national strategy to combat wildlife trafficking (“National Strategy”). The three-quality US government’s approach to combating wildlife trafficking-enhancing law enforcement, reducing demand, and building international cooperation-deprives criminals from a major source of financing, which reduces the criminal threat represented by American citizens.
The work of the work team to combat wildlife trafficking makes a difference on Earth at home and all over the world. The efforts and activities of the work group are coordinated better via USG: competencies are identified and exploited, repetition of repetition, and resources used more strategic; International communication continues to expand; The improved intelligence identified new fields of work. By working in partnership with the private sector, local communities and NGOs, the United States has led the road worldwide, and secured agreements and obligations from governments and stakeholders at all levels to take urgent measures. The most prominent efforts of the Labor Squad in the separate strategic review is included, as shown in Section 301 (D) of the Law of Wildlife Trafficking.
To improve accountability and report the implementation of the strategy, the work squad has developed 14 indicators to monitor the US government -backed procedures to address wildlife trafficking in countries. Ten indicators measure inputs, outputs, or the results of law access to law enforcement, cooperation efforts, policy reforms, and demand -limiting actions designed for each country. Four indicators measure the dimensions of the danger of realizing or treating wildlife crimes in each country. The American tasks in all 26 countries have reported the data data in 2019. Almost every publication stated that the host countries conducted law enforcement capacity in 2019, and more than half of them reported that there are seizures of wildlife or wildlife products that are due to the USG participation. Nearly half of the jobs describe efforts to reduce demand in 2019, which is an increasingly targeted and targeted response to the root causes of wildlife trafficking.
Focus countries[1]
A methodology for identifying 26 countries of the original focus
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has worked closely with other agencies in the Labor Squad to employ both qualitative and quantitative information to identify the concentrated countries and countries that are concerned, as specified in Article 2 of the Law, to report the end of 2017. Technical experts and scientists from the work group agencies established an operation to analyze the information of wildlife trafficking and collected a set of relevant and available data. This analysis included the evaluation of data derived from public reports by USG agencies and international entities such as the International Trade Agreement in endangered species of wild animals and plants (CITES), the International Federation for Conservation of Nature, and the United Nations Bureau of Drugs and Crime, as well as NGOs such as the Center for Advanced Defense Studies, Traffic, Environmental Investigation, and Download. Information from the required national assessments has strengthened and increased our previous results.
The work group’s agencies, including that actress in American missions abroad, reviewed the initial analysis and provided additional information that was only locally available. These analyzes of the country helped distribute international data, including providing information on additional species such as cats, monkeys and marine species. The agencies also looked at the path of wildlife residents and the impact of trafficking on this path, government efforts and the private sector to prevent illegal trade, and the presence of legal or regulating local markets that are threatened by wildlife trafficking.
The Labor Squad also assessed whether governments have recently taken steps to improve legislation, regulations,/or other trends so that the country acquires its efforts to combat illegal trade in wildlife. After the first 26 countries in 2017, the 2019 report included two additional concentration countries.
2020 countries focus
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs agreed, in consultation with the interior and trade departments, and with the United States Agency for International Development, that all 28 countries and the judicial states listed as a concentration countries in the report of the end of 2019 must remain. Each country previously listed “a major source of wildlife trafficking products or its derivatives, a major transit point for wildlife trafficking products or its derivatives, or a major consumer of wildlife trafficking products”, and the appointment that seems to contribute to increasing interest in fighting wildlife trafficking in some countries focusing.
In line with Article 301 of the End Law, American missions were placed in each country the focus of a strategic plan, based on the evaluation of the American mission of wildlife trafficking within that country. American agencies have used strategic plans to direct and coordinate the American government’s approach and responses to the needs and gaps specified in the evaluation. The heads of the Labor Squad, along with the United States Agency for International Development, developed and distributed templates for both strategic assessments and plans. All work group agencies, whether in the Post or in Washington, have been invited to contribute to their development. The work squad was reviewed for completion and consistency, identifying contrast based on the site in the supply chain, resources within the American mission, and previous participation in this case.
American tasks in all countries have completed their evaluation, and the American mission was not presented to Zimbabwe alone after its strategic plan. These documents provide together a general overview of issues related to wildlife trafficking in that country, and to define the main areas of strategic intervention by the American government, or to create a new platform or support the current structures on the task of directing a “full government” approach to interventions. In some cases, the development of the national strategy for the first time gathered all the resources and agencies of the US government operating in this square, providing a clear vision of the full scene to support the US government. For some, the assessments and strategies provided the opportunity to raise trade in wildlife as an important security and economic issue, not only in the task but also within the host government.
To evaluate the new potential focus countries, the Labor Squad has analyzed a set of seizure information derived from government data groups, popular media reports and other sources that reflect the illegal wildlife trade attacks all over the world. The analysis focused on data from 2013 to the present time of the species listed in CITES. Then the two countries were classified by the total number of seizures reported, and nine new countries were identified for further review. Then the work team requested additional information from American tasks in those countries and judicial states. Additional information is reviewed to determine whether other countries should be added. For 2020 report, no new concentration countries have been added.
This definition depends on our analysis of legal standards in the end law and does not reflect a positive or negative judgment for the listed countries or indicates that these countries are not working hard to combat wildlife trafficking. In fact, the United States has long -term partnerships with many of these countries in combating wildlife trafficking and recognizes the strong political will already in many of these countries to address this problem. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and other business squad agencies are looking forward to continuing close and constructive relations with these countries, as we work cooperatively to combat wildlife trafficking.
2020 List of the focus country (in alphabetical order)
Bangladesh
Brazil
Burma
Cambodia
Cameroon
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Gabon
Hong Kong Special Administrative District
India
Indonesia
Kenya
Loser
Madagascar
Malaysia
Mexico
Mozambique
Nigeria
The People’s Republic of China
Philipini
Republic of the Congo
South Africa
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Uganda
United Arab Emirates
Vietnam
Zimbabwe
Anxiety countries
2020 countries concern
To determine the countries of anxiety according to the directives of section 201 (B) of the law, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in consultation with the departments of the Interior, Trade, and other agencies in the work squad, was reviewed from the information available to the public in addition to secret materials indicating that governments actively participate in trafficking in threatened or threatened species. In 2020, no disturbing countries were removed from the list, and Cambodia, Cameroon and Nigeria were added. This appointment does not indicate that all parts of the government or participated in trafficking in wildlife, but there are dangerous concerns about the occurrence of high -level or regular government participation. Among other matters, the Labor Squad will guarantee that US government agencies coordinate efforts between US federal agencies and non -federal partners, to implement the strategic plans of the American mission that were developed in accordance with Article 301 of the law, with the aim of supporting these countries and their governments to reduce trade in the demand for wildlife and wildlife.
2020 List of attention (in alphabetical order)
Cambodia
Cameroon
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Loser
Madagascar
Nigeria
[1] Note: This list includes both countries and judicial authorities.
For more information about the US government’s efforts to combat wildlife trafficking, please see:
2020 The end of the strategy review of wildlife trafficking
